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New imperialism was a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially. This term was taken to a whole new extreme when Great Britain, France, Italy, Belgium, Portugal, and Germany fought to establish colonies in Africa. They believed they were superior and that the Africans were uncivilized. This was a reflection of Social Darwinism. One major motive to taking over Africa the the economic motive. This includes making money from acquiring raw materials, expanding trading,and using cheap labor. Cecil Rhodes stated "It is our duty to seize every opportunity of acquiring more territory ..." He was a successful business man that was involved with the African diamond mines. Another motive was religion. The people of Europe thought it was their duty to spread Christianity and establish missionaries. It was also the spread of European's morals and values. Lastly (but definitely not the only one) is political. It was the desire to gain power, extend territory, and to boost security and national pride. With the aggressive fight to gain Africa many nations clashed, for example the Boer War. The Boer War was a fight over land and resources between the British and Dutch in South Africa. The Dutch first settled in Cape of Good Hope, but in the early 1800s the British took it over and established laws on land and slaves, which the Boers (or Dutch farmers) did not agree with.
Summary - Napoleon Bonaparte was a powerful force in Europe from 1799 to 1815. He rose from the ranks of the French army to become the emperor of France. By 1812 he had control of most of Europe. Unfortunately, he met his demise when he attempted to invade Russia. His downfall was almost as swift as his rise to power.Answer: Napoleon was a power crazed leader who only looked out for himself, not his country of France. He lied to his country in two ways. One saying that the people in the country had a say in the government, when in fact he had all control. Also he never seemed to mention his losses, only his victories, making him sound like an amazing military leader. Napoleon was so greedy that he wanted to take over Russia even if it meant losing thousands of his men, which is what happened. In the end he lost everything, forcing France and the other parts of Europe to rebuild themselves
Summary - Industrial Revolution, term usually applied to the social and economic changes that mark the transition from a stable agricultural and commercial society to a modern industrial society relying on complex machinery rather than tools.Answer: The industrial Revolution started in Great Britain because they had all the factors of production. They had many natural resources like coal and iron. Also the country is surrounded by bodies of water, making steam transportation available. The country was very heavily populated so they had many people to work on farms, and still have plenty of people to work in factories. There was a high demand for the new inventions, so many people worked on making these for people, instead of making everything by themselves. This made it possible to advance in technology so quickley.
José de San Martín (1778-1850)- At an early age he left his mother country to go study in Spain. Around 1808 San Martin joined the Spanish forces against the French. He participated in many battles. While doing this he started to become in contact with South American supporters of independence. From England he sailed to Buenos Aires and offered his services to modern day Argentina. He creates the Lautaro lodge, whose objective was to liberate South America of the Spanish. In 1813, Mounted Grenadiers fought and won their first combat against Spain. San Martin then took control of the North Army from Belgrano in 1814. Later on, San Martin figured out the only way to attack the center of the Spanish power (Lima city, in Peru) was to cross the Andes from Mendoza to Chile. Before doing this he insisted on having a declaration of Independence for the Argentine Republic. By a delay of disease, San Martin and his men set off on the Andes 1817. He fought the Spanish forces in many battles and then liberated Chile in 1818. Finally in 1821 San Martin reached the city of Lima and declared independence, and was appointed protector of Peru. Simon Bolívar took over the task of fully liberating Peru. San Matin eventually resided from his office. After his wife dying, and displeased by civil wars, him and his daughter went to France, and lived there until his death.
Summary - The French Revolution is defined as the political upheaval of world importance that began in France in 1789. Inspired by the success of the American Revolution, French citizens overthrew the noble, ruling class and establish a democratic government. The French monarchy under Louis XVI was viewed as oppressive and corrupt and the social structure was rigid, meaning it did not allow for social mobility which eventually forced the people to demand change.
Answer: The French Revolution was a significant movement in history because it inspired other nations to stand up to what they believe in. Even though a ruler has all the power, he may be throne off his throne by the people. I dont think it was enterly a success because soon after Napoleon became an absolute ruler, while the people were oblivious. Also after that, absolute monarchy was put back in place as the government, which is what the people were fighting against in the beginning.
Summary- The Enlightenment was a philosophical movement of the 18Th century characterized by belief in the power of human reason and questioning authority. Many enlightenment philosophers like John Locke, Voltaire, and Rousseau published their ideas on government.
Answer: The Enlightent philosophers changed the thinking of the people forever. They learned to question authority and to not just do what a higher power tells them to do. After this, people stood up for what they believed in, even if the result was death. This lead to the French Revolution, consisting of revulting again King Louis XVI. The people learned to think for themselves and be there own person.
